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	» Site Map » Home Page Historical Info » History » QAIMNS for India » QAIMNS First World War » War Graves Memorials Nurses » Book of Remembrance » QA World War Two Nursing » Belsen Concentration Camp » National Service » Korean War and the QARANC » Gulf War » Royal Red Cross Medal » Colonels In Chief » Director Army Nursing Services (DANS) » Colonel Commandant » Matrons In Chief (QAIMNS) » March » Motto » QA Memorial National Memorial Arboretum » Army Recruitment Posters » Museum » QA Association » QA and AMS Prayer » Books Former Army Hospitals UK » BMH Cowglen Glasgow » CMH Aldershot » Colchester Military Hospital » DKMH Catterick » Ghosts » Hospital Ghosts » Haslar » QA Centre » QAMH Millbank » QEMH Woolwich » Musgrave Park Hospital Belfast » Netley » Royal Chelsea Hospital » Royal Herbert » Tidworth Military Hospital France » Ambulance Trains » Hospital Barges » Hospital Ships Germany » BMH Berlin » BMH Hanover » BMH Iserlohn » BMH Munster » BMH Rinteln Cyprus » TPMH RAF Akrotiri » BMH Dhekelia » BMH Nicosia Egypt » BMH Alexandria China » BMH Shanghai Hong Kong » BMH Bowen Road Hong Kong Overseas Old British Military Hospitals » BMH Gibraltar » BMH Malta » BMH Nepal » BMH Singapore » Belize Hospital			Royal Red Cross Medal Information about the Military Nursing Medal the Royal Red Cross and the Associate Royal Red Cross The Royal Red Cross medal was introduced to Military Nursing by Royal Warrant by Queen Victoria on 27 April in 1883 which was St George's Day. The decoration is awarded to army nurses for exceptional services, devotion to duty and professional competence in British military nursing. Queen Victoria wanted a special award for the distinguished service by women nursing sisters after the death of 24 army nurses in South Africa. The Royal Warrant said that the Royal Red Cross medal be given: upon any ladies, whether subjects or foreign persons, who may be recommended bu Our Secretary of State for War for special exertions in providing for the nursing of sick and wounded soldiers and sailors of Our Army and Navy. During the reign of King George V the words or Our Air Force in the field were added to the Royal Warrant (cited in the book Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps (Famous Regts. S) by Juliet Piggott). Florence Nightingale The first recipient of The Royal Red Cross was Florence Nightingale for her work in the Crimea War at Scutari Hospital where she attended to injured and ill soldiers and officers. Sister Janet Wells The second nurse to receive the Royal Red Cross was Sister Janet Wells. She was only 18 years old when she was posted to Zululand to command a medical post. She earned the nickname Angel of Mercy. Her medals are on display at the Tenterden and District Museum in Kent, England. Read more about Sister Janet Wells in the book Sister Janet: Nurse and Heroine of the Anglo-Zulu War 1879. As well as being awarded the RRC decoration, Janet Wells was awarded the South African Medal for the care of soldiers and Zulus in the Anglo Zulu War and also the Russian Imperial Order of the Red Cross for earlier nursing work during the 1877 to 1878 Russo Turkish Balkan War. Help Needed: Qaranc.co.uk would like to add a page about the QA lanyard but need some help. Can anyone please help with a photo of the lanyard on the uniform and a photo of just the lanyard? It would also be helpful if anyone can give some tips on how to site and fit the lanyard. Please use the e-mail address on the contact page. Thank you! Sisters In Arms: British Army Nurses Tell Their Story Sisters In Arms: British Army Nurses Tell Their Story by Nicola Tyrer is an account of the QAs during the two World Wars. It includes first hand accounts of the Queen Alexandra nurses who were in the dressing stations, casualty clearing stations and field hospitals of Dunkirk, D Day, the fall of Singapore and many more locations where the QAIMNS served. Buy Now. Sisters In Arms: British Army Nurses Tell Their Story is also available as a talking book read by the actress Barbara Flynn and Sian Thomas. Buy Now. View More British Army Nursing Books - with free delivery available. Type Of Royal Red Crosses There are two levels to the Royal Red Cross medal: Royal Red Cross Medal (RRC) Associate Royal Red Cross Medal (ARRC) The second class Associate Royal Red Cross grade was added during the First World War in November 1915 with bars to the first class RRC being introduced in 1917. Those who are awarded this medal can still gain the RRC when they are awarded a bar. Bars are awarded in both classes to those nurses who perform further acts of devotion or bravery. Those awarded the 1st class Royal Red Cross Medal are known as members whilst those awarded the 2nd class RRC are known as associates. Bars were first introduced in the year 1931. The photograph to the left is an ARRC medal from the First World War. The recipient was also award the Military Medal (MM). The collection of medals now belongs to a medal collector who wishes to trace the history of the owner. There is more details on the Military Medal Awards To QA Nurses page. Why Is The Royal Red Cross Awarded To Nurses Special exertions in providing for the nursing of the sick and wounded soldiers and sailors of our Army and Navy. The Royal Red Cross was introduced to award nurses in the army, in the then Army Nursing Service which then became the QAIMNS before becoming the QARANC (Queen Alexandra’s Royal Army Nursing Corps), for exceptional services in military nursing. This can include: Devotion in the performance of nursing duty Competency in nursing care over a long time Examples of compassionate nursing An exceptional act of bravery Devotion at a post of duty The Royal Red Cross medals were only awarded to female nurses until 30 December 1976. Male nurses can now be awarded the medals. The award can be given to any member of the army, regardless of their rank, both ordinary ranks and officer ranks. Recipients of the Royal Red Cross are entitled to use the post-nominal letters RRC or ARRC. The nickname of the Royal Red Cross Medal is the Victoria Cross (VC) of nursing. The register of the Royal Red Cross recipients is kept at the National Archives in Kew. What Does The RRC Look Like? The Royal Red Cross Medal is in the shape of a cross. It measures 41mm in height and 35mm in width. It is enamelled red with an edge of gold. It has a circular medallion which bears an effigy of the reigning monarch in the centre of the medal. The centre of the early Royal Red Cross medal had a medallion of the veiled head of Queen Victoria. The four limbs of the medal are inscribed with the words Faith, Hope and Charity with 1883, the year of original issue on the lower limb. The original RRC medals had a crown and veil portrait in the centre of the obverse. A bar can be added to the medal and would be linked to the cross. This is made of red enamel. A rosette is worn on the ribbon in undress to denote a bar to the RRC. The ribbon is dark blue with a red crimson edge stripes. It is 25mm wide and shaped into a bow. The Associate Royal Red Cross Medal is silver with the same design of the RRC, though the inscriptions on the arms appear on the reverse. Awards of the RRC and ARRC which have been issued since 1938 have the year of issue engraved on the reverse of the lower arm. An example of a letter sent to the recipient of the Royal Red Cross medal is cited in the book Sister Janet: Nurse and Heroine of the Anglo-Zulu War 1879 and reads: The Queen commands the decoration of the Royal Red Cross, which Her Majesty has been pleased to confer upon you for the special devotion and competency which you have displayed in your nursing duties with Her Majesty’s Troops. QA's Who Have Been Awarded The RRC or ARRC After Florence Nightingale and Sister Janet Wells the next nurses to be awarded the Royal red cross were the Stafford House nurses who saw active service in South Africa. These were Sisters Edith Horner, Emma Durham and Edith King. Then the RRC was awarded to the staff of Netley Hospital who went to Natal with Sister Jane Deeble. More can be read about them on the Royal Victoria Military Hospital Netley page - cited in the book Sister Janet: Nurse and Heroine of the Anglo-Zulu War 1879. Miss H Campbell Norman The fifteenth Royal Red Cross Medal was awarded to Miss H Campbell Norman who was the first nurse into Egypt in 1882 when Britain seized control of the Egyptian Government to protect its investments and the Suez Canal. Miss H Campbell Norman was also awarded the Egypt 1882 medal (Tel-El_Kebir bar) and the Khedives star for her service in Egypt. During her nursing career Miss Norman was the Matron at Royal Victoria Military Hospital Netley. She died in December 1911 in the Woolwich, London Royal Herbert Hospital. The book Sub Cruce Candida: A Celebration of One Hundred Years of Army Nursing has a photo of Miss H Campbell Norman. I have yet to trace the numbers of the following recipients but early Royal Red Cross medal recipients include Mrs Jane Deeble, Sister Sarah Anne Terrot and Miss Loch. Eleanor Laurence Another nurse to receive the Royal Red Cross medal because of her nursing duties during the Boer War was Eleanor Laurence. Though a civilian nurse she was awarded the RRC and the South African War Medal for her gallantry whilst under enemy fire in 1901. Maud McCarthy Dame Maud McCarthy was awarded the RRC for her nursing duties during the South African War and was awarded a bar to the Royal Red Cross after the First World War.Read about Dame Maud McCarthy. Ada Yorke Ada Yorke (nee Hind) was awarded the Royal Red Cross medal following her service in the Sudan and then a Bar was added after her service in the First World War. Read more about this remarkable woman and her devotion to military nursing in the foot of the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service for India page where there is also a photo of Ada Yorke. Royal Red Cross India Medal The Royal Red Cross India Medal was awarded to several nurses during World War Two to members of the Indian Military Nursing Service who served in locations such as the Indian Military Hospitals (IMH). One such example was Principle Matron Lt Col Edna Burrows. Read more about this remarkable lady on the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service for India page. Ethel Smithies Ethel Smithies served with the QAs during World War One and saw service at Mesopotamia at the hutted hospital No 3 General hospital Basra under Matron Graham. She also served aboard a hospital ship or barge which was used to evacuate casualties up and down the river Tigris and was awarded the Royal Red Cross medal for the exceptional nursing care she administered to Turkish Prisoners of War. Her nephew, William, recalls her tales aboard the hospital ships and one in particular stands out: I have a vague recollection of being told that she caused a bit of a stir having to wash her smalls on board! Presumably privacy was a problem. She died when I was in my mid teens and as I am nearly 64 I am trying to recall over 50 years. The photograph above is of Ethel Smithies and her fellow QAIMNS nursing sisters enjoying a well deserved cup of tea during WWI. Ethel is pictured on the far left without her cape. Click on the photo to see a larger image. On the back of the photo Ethel had written the names of the other nursing sisters who were furthest from the camera, Blakemore with Parker being nearest to the camera. Unfortunately the name of the other nurse to the right cannot me made out. Ethel Smithies survived The Great War and continued her nursing career and became a Matron at a London Children's hospital. Miss Smithies was held in high esteem by her patients and colleagues as can be read in her Nurse Reference by her QAIMNS Matron. If you have any information about Ethel Smithies her nephew would love to learn more about her. He has kindly supplies images of Miss Smithies Example of Mentioned in Despatches Letter From The Secretary of State for War From World War One for readers to view. Miss Smithies collection of World War One photos can be viewed on the Mesopotamia World War One Photographs page. Angel of Mons After the Battle of Mons in World War One a group of nurses administering care to the wounded soldiers were affectionately nicknamed The Angels of Mons. One Angel of the Mons whose photo is on the left was Miss Kathleen Cambridge. She served first with the Red Cross Wembley Division and was one of the first nurses to enter the battlefields of the Great War. The night before the Battle of Mons she passed through the British lines. This Angel of Mons took wounded soldiers to a nearby house where she had been staying with a Belgium family. They turned their home into a hospital for the care of wounded soldiers. Unfortunately she was not entitled to any campaign medals because she was not a member of the military. However Sister Kathleen Cambridge did join the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service (QAIMNS) in 1916 upon her repatriation. Then a special case was raised and for her bravery Sister Kathleen Cambridge was awarded the Mons Star by King George V. In 1919 Sister Kathleen Cambridge of the QAIMNS was awarded the Royal Red Cross (RRC). Prior to the war Sister Kathleen Cambridge nursed in the private nursing home of Edith Cavell at Casteau, about 11 miles from Mons. When the German Army entered Belgium they imprisoned several nurses. The first English woman to be imprisoned by the Germans was Miss Carter who was in prison for one year. Another nurse, Miss Church, was imprisoned for three months for speaking against the Kaiser in a cafe. Qaranc.co.uk would like to thank Peter Howell for the information and photo of Kathleen Cambridge who was the Grand Daughter of his Great Great Grandfather who was Master Gunner Daniel Cambridge VC, Yeoman of the Guard and more can be read about this brave hero and his Victoria Cross award at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Cambridge Barbara Carol Maunsell Sister Barbara Carol Maunsell served with the QAIMNS during World War Two and whilst at Burma she volunteered to work with the field ambulances of Number 20 Division right at the demarcation line at the Irrawaddy River. Nurses would not normally have been at the front line but volunteers had been requested to help the RAMC cope with the many casualties. Despite the constant bombardment by mortars and machine gun fire Sister Barbara Carol Maunsell got stuck in and tended to the wounded. She knew that if caught by the near Japanese troops if they overran the British, Indian and Gurkha troops she would be horribly treated by the Japanese who were known to rape and mutilate women before killing them or keeping them alive to torture. Many lives were saved by her diligent nursing and emergency care and she even started to improve conditions in the camp for the patients as the days went on. Morale increased because of her cheery attitude during her long hours of work. She was awarded the Royal Red Cross for her devotion to duty. There is more written about Barbara Carol Maunsell in the book Front-line Nurse: British Nurses in World War II by Eric Taylor. Many more QAIMNS nursing sisters were awarded the Royal Red Cross medal during World War Two. Their stories have been written within the pages about each WWII section and these include: Sister Mary Currie Sister Aggie McGeary RRC QAIMNS Sister Aggie McGeary of the QAIMNS was awarded the Royal Red Cross Medal for her work in looking after the Chindits during the Second World War who were under the command of General Orde Wingate. The Chindits were a group of Allied service men who were dropped by parachute behind enemy lines into the Burma jungle to disrupt Japanese movements, communications and supplies. They would blow up bridges, roads, ammunition dumps and supply depots. They would have to travel for miles in difficult terrain deep within enemy territory to reach their targets then retreat deep into the jungle. The Chindits of the Second World War were supplied by canister parachute drop and these often fell into enemy hands which meant they missed out on rations, ammunition and necessary equipment because they had to travel light and relied on these drops. General Orde Wingate wanted his men to have the best medical and nursing care and requested Sister Aggie McGeary to be the Matron of the CCS at Silket near Imphal where the wounded and injured Chindits would be treated. The General had been nursed back to health by Sister Aggie McGeary of the QAIMNS when he suffered from typhoid and knew he lived because of her diligent nursing care. She nursed the Chindits with the same compassion and diligence. Many of their lives were saved when they returned with serious injuries and the common condition of malnutrition and exhaustion. She ensured they had the best treatment and conditions no matter what she had to do, she certainly ruffled a few feathers of the more formal QA Matrons. For a small lady she packed a heavy punch and often raided stores, berated doctors and senor officers or just went straight to the General for her requests to ensure her beloved Chindits got the best. When any Chindit under her care died she would write personally to their next of kin and always keep replying to any correspondence back from the bereaved. After WWII Miss Aggie McGeary was awarded the RRC and the MBE for her distinguished nursing service at the Eastern Frontier of India. Sister Aggie McGeary became the Deputy Matron of the Cambridge Military Hospital (CMH) Aldershot in the early 1950s. In her book A British Army Nurse In the Korean War Captain Jilly McNair of the QARANC recalls being taught how to make huge quantities of tea in a bucket by Major McGeary! Aggie McGreary was born at Mossend in Glasgow, Scotland and died of cancer in 1954. She was nursed by her fellow QA Sisters which included QA Helen Hiley who served with her at Silket CCS (cited in Quiet Heroines: Nurses of the Second World War by Brenda McBryde). First NCO To Receive The ARRC The first NCO to receive the ARRC was WO2 Maggie Harris in 1980. She learnt the news a day early because New Years Eve was a Sunday and she read it first in the Telegraph in the Sergeants Mess in Aldershot. WO2 Maggie Harris then received the good news of her Associate Royal Red Cross award by the Commanding Officer of the Cambridge Military Hospital. He also gave WO2 Harris her letter informing her of the award. Prior to the citation Maggie Harris was an NCO running ward 13 which was the male medical ward at the time. Normally wards at the CMH were run by QA Nursing Sisters but the Consultant Chest Physician, Colonel Mike Brown, had requested WOII Harris to be in charge of the ward. Her 2i/c was a Sgt 'Taff' Malcolm Eldrige who later took a commission and was also awarded the ARRC some years later. WOII Harris was commended for her efficient running of the ward. Celebrations were aplenty at the CMH when it was thought that WO2 Harris was the first non commissioned officer to receive the Associate Royal Red Cross award. Though it was thought that another NCO had been awarded the ARRC in the 1960s. At the time her husband was serving at BMH Nepal. With no telephone at the time he was sent a signal which took a week to reach him! Hard to imagine in these days of e-mails and mobile phones. He was given time off and was able to join his wife at Buckingham Palace in February 1981. If you or a relative have been awarded the RRC or ARRC, or know of a QARANC who has been awarded the medal, and would like to appear on this page as an example then please contact me with details. If you have a photograph of the RRC or ARRC or a photo of a QARANC wearing the medals that you would like to appear on this webpage then please e-mail me. The National Archives website has links where you can get information about the Royal Red Cross Medal roll and the nurses who have been awarded the Royal Red Cross medal and why the RRC was awarded. The RoyalRedCross records are held at The National Archives, Kew. See www.nationalarchives.gov.uk for the info. Manufacturers of the Royal Red Cross Medal Award The current manufacturers of the Royal Red Cross medal award for the Ministry of Defence (MOD) are Gladman and Norman Ltd whose website is www.gladman-norman.co.uk which is currently being updated. They have another website at www.worcmedals.com which is the site for Worcestershire Medal Services Ltd A British Army Nurse In the Korean War A newly published book about the QARANC is A British Army Nurse In the Korean War by Elizabeth Jilly McNair. QA Sister McNair saw active service in Korea and Japan and this book is based on her letters home and photographs she took during her 18 months spent nursing at the British Commonwealth General Hospital in Kure, Japan and the British Commonwealth Zone Medical Unit in Seoul, Korea. Buy Now! If you would like to contribute to this page, suggest changes or inclusions to this website or would like to send me a photograph then please e-mail me. The photos and pictures on this page have been kindly sent to us for inclusion on this page. If you would like to contribute photographs then please contact us. Findextrawork Since leaving the QA's we have done an assortment of self employed work and jobs, some which only take an hour a week, others have been full time. We have written about these at our other website Findextrawork at www.findextrawork.co.uk where we share the information for free to help others with information and resources about earning more money. Visit Findextrawork for more information. 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